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365 lines
11 KiB
365 lines
11 KiB
## 多租户
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ABP的多租户模块提供了创建多租户应用程序的基本功能.
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维基百科中是这样[定义](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multitenancy)多租户的:
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> 软件多租户技术指的是一种软件架构,这种架构可以使用软件的单实例运行并为多个租户提供服务.租户是通过软件实例的特定权限共享通用访问的一组用户.使用多租户架构,软件应用为每个租户提供实例的专用共享,包括实例的数据、配置、用户管理、租户的私有功能和非功能属性.多租户与多实例架构形成对比,将软件实例的行为根据不同的租户分割开来.
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### Volo.Abp.MultiTenancy
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Volo.Abp.MultiTenancy"multi-tenancy ready",使用包管理器控制台(PMC)将它安装到你的项目中:
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````
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Install-Package Volo.Abp.MultiTenancy
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````
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> 这个包默认安装在了快速启动模板中.所以,大多数情况下,你不需要手动安装它.
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然后你可以添加 **AbpMultiTenancyModule** 依赖到你的模块:
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````C#
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using Volo.Abp.Modularity;
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using Volo.Abp.MultiTenancy;
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namespace MyCompany.MyProject
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{
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[DependsOn(typeof(AbpMultiTenancyModule))]
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public class MyModule : AbpModule
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{
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//...
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}
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}
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````
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> 随着"Multi-tenancy ready"的概念,我们打算开发我们的代码和多租户方法兼容.然后它可以被用于多租户和非多租户的程序中,这取决于最终程序的需求.
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#### 定义实体
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你可以在你的实体中实现 **IMultiTenant** 接口来实现多租户,例如:
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````C#
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using System;
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using Volo.Abp.Domain.Entities;
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using Volo.Abp.MultiTenancy;
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namespace MyCompany.MyProject
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{
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public class Product : AggregateRoot, IMultiTenant
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{
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public Guid? TenantId { get; set; } //IMultiTenant 定义了 TenantId 属性
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public string Name { get; set; }
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public float Price { get; set; }
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}
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}
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````
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实现IMultiTenant接口,需要在实体中定义一个 **TenantId** 的属性(查看更多有关[实体](Entities.md)的文档)
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#### 获取当前租户的Id
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你的代码中可能需要获取当前租户的Id(先不管它具体是怎么取得的).对于这种情况你可以[注入](Dependency-Injection.md)并使用 **ICurrentTenant** 接口.例如:
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````C#
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using Volo.Abp.DependencyInjection;
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using Volo.Abp.MultiTenancy;
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namespace MyCompany.MyProject
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{
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public class MyService : ITransientDependency
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{
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private readonly ICurrentTenant _currentTenant;
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public MyService(ICurrentTenant currentTenant)
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{
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_currentTenant = currentTenant;
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}
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public void DoIt()
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{
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var tenantId = _currentTenant.Id;
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//在你的代码中使用tenantId
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}
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}
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}
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````
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#### 改变当前租户
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TODO: ...
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#### 确定当前租户
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多租户的应用程序运行的时候首先要做的就是确定当前租户.
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Volo.Abp.MultiTenancy只提供了用于确定当前租户的抽象(称为租户解析器),但是并没有现成的实现.
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**Volo.Abp.AspNetCore.MultiTenancy**已经实现了从当前Web请求(从子域名,请求头,cookie,路由...等)中确定当前租户.本文后面会介绍Volo.Abp.AspNetCore.MultiTenancy.
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##### 自定义租户解析器
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你可以像下面这样,在你模块的ConfigureServices方法中将自定义解析器并添加到 **TenantResolveOptions**中:
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````C#
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using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
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using Volo.Abp.Modularity;
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using Volo.Abp.MultiTenancy;
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namespace MyCompany.MyProject
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{
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[DependsOn(typeof(AbpMultiTenancyModule))]
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public class MyModule : AbpModule
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{
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public override void ConfigureServices(ServiceConfigurationContext context)
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{
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Configure<TenantResolveOptions>(options =>
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{
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options.TenantResolvers.Add(new MyCustomTenantResolver());
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});
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//...
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}
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}
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}
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````
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MyCustomTenantResolver必须像下面这样实现**ITenantResolver**接口:
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````C#
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using Volo.Abp.MultiTenancy;
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namespace MyCompany.MyProject
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{
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public class MyCustomTenantResolver : ITenantResolver
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{
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public void Resolve(ITenantResolveContext context)
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{
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context.TenantIdOrName = ... //从其他地方获取租户id或租户名字...
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}
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}
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}
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````
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如果能确定租户id或租户名字可以在租户解析器中设置 **TenantIdOrName**.如果不能确定,那就空着让下一个解析器来确定它.
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#### 租户存储
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Volo.Abp.MultiTenancy中定义了 **ITenantStore** 从框架中抽象数据源.你可以实现ITenantStore,让它跟任何存储你租户的数据源(例如关系型数据库)一起工作.
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##### 配置数据存储
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有一个内置的(默认的)租户存储,叫ConfigurationTenantStore.它可以被用于存储租户,通过标准的[配置系统](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/aspnet/core/fundamentals/configuration/)(使用[Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration](https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration)).因此,你可以通过硬编码或者在appsettings.json文件中定义租户.
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###### 例子:硬编码定义租户
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````C#
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using System;
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using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
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using Volo.Abp.Data;
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using Volo.Abp.Modularity;
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using Volo.Abp.MultiTenancy;
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namespace MyCompany.MyProject
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{
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[DependsOn(typeof(AbpMultiTenancyModule))]
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public class MyModule : AbpModule
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{
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public override void ConfigureServices(ServiceConfigurationContext context)
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{
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Configure<ConfigurationTenantStoreOptions>(options =>
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{
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options.Tenants = new[]
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{
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new TenantInformation(
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Guid.Parse("446a5211-3d72-4339-9adc-845151f8ada0"), //Id
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"tenant1" //Name
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),
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new TenantInformation(
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Guid.Parse("25388015-ef1c-4355-9c18-f6b6ddbaf89d"), //Id
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"tenant2" //Name
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)
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{
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//tenant2 有单独的数据库连接字符串
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ConnectionStrings =
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{
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{ConnectionStrings.DefaultConnectionStringName, "..."}
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}
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}
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};
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});
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}
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}
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}
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````
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###### 例子:appsettings.json定义租户
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首先从appsetting.json文件中创建你的配置.
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````C#
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using System.IO;
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using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration;
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using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
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using Volo.Abp.Modularity;
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using Volo.Abp.MultiTenancy;
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namespace MyCompany.MyProject
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{
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[DependsOn(typeof(AbpMultiTenancyModule))]
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public class MyModule : AbpModule
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{
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public override void ConfigureServices(ServiceConfigurationContext context)
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{
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var configuration = BuildConfiguration();
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Configure<ConfigurationTenantStoreOptions>(configuration);
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}
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private static IConfigurationRoot BuildConfiguration()
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{
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return new ConfigurationBuilder()
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.SetBasePath(Directory.GetCurrentDirectory())
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.AddJsonFile("appsettings.json", optional: true, reloadOnChange: true)
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.Build();
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}
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}
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}
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````
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然后在appsettings.json中添加 "**Tenants**" 节点:
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````json
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"Tenants": [
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{
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"Id": "446a5211-3d72-4339-9adc-845151f8ada0",
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"Name": "tenant1"
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},
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{
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"Id": "25388015-ef1c-4355-9c18-f6b6ddbaf89d",
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"Name": "tenant2",
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"ConnectionStrings": {
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"Default": "...write tenant2's db connection string here..."
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}
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}
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]
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````
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##### Volo.Abp... Package (TODO)
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TODO: This package implements ITenantStore using a real database...
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#### 租户信息
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ITenantStore跟 **TenantInformation**类一起工作,并且包含了几个租户属性:
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* **Id**:租户的唯一Id.
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* **Name**: 租户的唯一名称.
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* **ConnectionStrings**:如果这个租户有专门的数据库来存储数据.它可以提供数据库的字符串(它可以具有默认的连接字符串和每个模块的连接字符串).
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多租户应用程序可能需要其他租户属性,但这些属性是框架与多个租户一起使用的最低要求.
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#### 代码中改变租户
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TODO...
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### Volo.Abp.AspNetCore.MultiTenancy
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Volo.Abp.AspNetCore.MultiTenancy将多租户整合到了ASP.NET Core的程序中.在PMC中使用下面的代码将它安装到项目中.
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````
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Install-Package Volo.Abp.AspNetCore.MultiTenancy
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````
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然后添加 **AbpAspNetCoreMultiTenancyModule** 依赖到你的模块:
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````C#
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using Volo.Abp.Modularity;
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using Volo.Abp.AspNetCore.MultiTenancy;
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namespace MyCompany.MyProject
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{
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[DependsOn(typeof(AbpAspNetCoreMultiTenancyModule))]
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public class MyModule : AbpModule
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{
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//...
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}
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}
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````
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#### 多租户中间件
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Volo.Abp.AspNetCore.MultiTenancy包含了多租户中间件...
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````C#
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app.UseMultiTenancy();
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````
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TODO:...
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#### 从Web请求中确定当前租户
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Volo.Abp.AspNetCore.MultiTenancy 添加了下面这些租户解析器,从当前Web请求(按优先级排序)中确定当前租户.
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* **QueryStringTenantResolver**: 尝试从query string参数中获取当前租户,默认参数名为"__tenant".
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* **RouteTenantResolver**:尝试从当前路由中获取(URL路径),默认是变量名是"__tenant".所以,如果你的路由中定义了这个变量,就可以从路由中确定当前租户.
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* **HeaderTenantResolver**: 尝试从HTTP header中获取当前租户,默认的header名称是"__tenant".
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* **CookieTenantResolver**: 尝试从当前cookie中获取当前租户.默认的Cookie名称是"__tenant".
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可以使用AspNetCoreMultiTenancyOptions修改默认的参数名"__tenant".例如:
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````C#
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services.Configure<AspNetCoreMultiTenancyOptions>(options =>
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{
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options.TenantKey = "MyTenantKey";
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});
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````
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##### 域名租户解析器
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实际项目中,大多数情况下你想通过子域名(如mytenant1.mydomain.com)或全域名(如mytenant.com)中确定当前租户.如果是这样,你可以配置TenantResolveOptions添加一个域名租户解析器.
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###### 例子:添加子域名解析器
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````C#
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using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
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using Volo.Abp.AspNetCore.MultiTenancy;
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using Volo.Abp.Modularity;
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using Volo.Abp.MultiTenancy;
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namespace MyCompany.MyProject
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{
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[DependsOn(typeof(AbpAspNetCoreMultiTenancyModule))]
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public class MyModule : AbpModule
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{
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public override void ConfigureServices(ServiceConfigurationContext context)
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{
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Configure<TenantResolveOptions>(options =>
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{
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//子域名格式: {0}.mydomain.com (作为最高优先级解析器添加)
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options.TenantResolvers.Insert(0, new DomainTenantResolver("{0}.mydomain.com"));
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});
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//...
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}
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}
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}
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````
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{0}是用来确定当前租户唯一名称的占位符.
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你可以使用下面的方法,代替``options.TenantResolvers.Insert(0, new DomainTenantResolver("{0}.mydomain.com"));``:
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````C#
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options.AddDomainTenantResolver("{0}.mydomain.com");
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````
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###### 例子:添加全域名解析器
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````C#
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options.AddDomainTenantResolver("{0}.com");
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````
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